Logging the clock screw to optimize parameters in /etc/adjtime is a
major function of adjtimex. But it is now incompatible to the needed
ntpdate:
   ~> adjtimex -l -h xxxx
   ntpdate: -p is no longer supported.
   ntpdig: querying xxx.xxx.xx.x (xxxx)
   cannot understand ntpdate output

control: tags -1 +help

Thanks for the report!

Package ntpdate became deprecated since bookworm [1]
and was replaced by ntpsec-ntpdate [2].

[1] https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/ntpdate
[2] https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/ntpsec-ntpdate

in adjtimex.c

ntpdate command output is supposed to be:

      /* read and save the significant lines, which should look like this:
filter offset: -0.02800 -0.01354 -0.01026 -0.01385
offset -0.013543
 1 Sep 11:51:23 ntpdate[598]: adjust time server 1.2.3.4 offset -0.013543 sec
 */

however, ntpdate provides by ntpsec-ntpdate output like this:

$ /usr/sbin/ntpdate -d -q pool.ntp.org
ntpdig: querying 208.113.130.146 (pool.ntp.org)
ntpdig: querying 138.236.128.36 (pool.ntp.org)
ntpdig: querying 68.112.4.226 (pool.ntp.org)
ntpdig: querying 66.228.58.20 (pool.ntp.org)
org t1: e89fa995.15b83000 rec t2: e89fa995.1f6674d8
xmt t3: e89fa995.1f673573 dst t4: e89fa995.29a78000
org t1: 1693788949.084842 rec t2: 1693788949.122657
xmt t3: 1693788949.122669 dst t4: 1693788949.162712
rec-org t21: 0.037816  xmt-dst t34: -0.040043
2023-09-03 17:55:49.122668 (-0700) -0.001114 +/- 0.038931 pool.ntp.org
208.113.130.146 s2 no-leap

so looks like it's hard to get the 4 samples of "filter offset" from
current output.
If you have any ideas, please let me know. Thank you!

Cheers,
Roger