Man page says:
--second-stage
Complete the bootstrapping process. Other arguments are generally not needed.
Well one cannot just run these two in sequence:
SYNOPSIS
debootstrap [OPTION...] SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]]
debootstrap [OPTION...] --second-stage
On https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/355197/179494 we see the answer.
Therefore the man page must kindly also mention: "to run the second stage,
chroot to where you've unpacked the archive, and run
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
"
As a matter of fact, the solution I posted doesn't work either. Therefore, be sure on the man page, to mention the true sequence needed: # debootstrap .... (missing step goes here) # debootstrap --second-stage