Control: found -1 2.06-13+deb12u1

You should not add any comment to pseudo-headers, it prevented the BTS
from identifying the affected version.
- extra files are written to the root filesystem before GRUB packages
are installed;
- package desktop-base installs grub background images which can be used
in grub.cfg.

There is no "minimal installation" option in the Debian installer. Which
installation media did you use ?

If you selected "Guided - all in one partition" partitioning, then
(hd0,gpt1) is the BIOS boot partition (for grub-pc on GPT), (hd0,gpt2)
is the root partition and (hd0,gpt3) is the swap partition.

It won't help if these values were already set. Did you check the
original values ?

This means that GRUB ext4 driver fails to read requested files. Possible
causes include a bug in GRUB disk or ext2 driver or a bug in the BIOS
RAID disk driver. It can happen on very large disks.

Did you try to partition the RAID array with a separate 1GB /boot
partition at the beginning ?

I am afraid this is only by luck and any grub update may break the boot.