See `help mapfile` The English text is: mapfile: mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array] The German text is: mapfile: mapfile [-d Begrenzer] [-n Anzahl] [-O Quelle] [-s Anzahl] [-t] [-u fd] The correct translation for *origin* in this context is *Anfang*. *Quelle* is misleading that a file could be the data source. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H.-Dirk_Schmitt Dipl.Math. eMail:dirk.schmitt@computer42.org pgp: http://www.computer42.org/~dirk/OpenPGP-fingerprint.html