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#1104533 debian-start: ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations #1104533

Package:: mariadb-server

Source:: mariadb-server

Description:: MariaDB database server binaries

Submitter:: Samuli Suonpää

Date:: 2025-08-29 06:05:02 UTC

Severity:: normal

Tags:

#1104533#5

Date:: 2025-05-01 15:59:22 UTC

From:

To:

After upgrading from bookworm to trixie, starting mariadb produces this
error message in journal:

May 01 18:17:39 back debian-start[148992]: --------------
May 01 18:17:39 back debian-start[148992]: SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('', 'mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password')
May 01 18:17:39 back debian-start[148992]: --------------
May 01 18:17:39 back debian-start[148992]: ERROR 1267 (HY000) at line 1: Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation '='

mariadb-server dows start and appears to run fine.

I can also reproduce the error manually with the following query:

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT * FROM mysql.user where password_expired='N';
ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation '='

Please let me know if I can provide any more information.

Samuli

#1104533#10

Date:: 2025-05-11 21:11:44 UTC

From:

To:

Control: tags -1 moreinfo

What are the steps to reproduce this?

Both before and after the upgrade when I run these SQL commands I get
the exact same results. I am not able to reproduce the illegal mix of
collations you have.

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root'
and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('',
'mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.004 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW WARNINGS;
Empty set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT Host,User FROM mysql.user where password_expired='N';
+-----------+-------+
| Host      | User  |
+-----------+-------+
| localhost | root  |
| localhost | mysql |
+-----------+-------+

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW WARNINGS;
Empty set (0.001 sec)


I followed the exact steps we also have in CI at
https://salsa.debian.org/otto/mariadb-server/-/jobs/7566186 to start a
Bookworm container, install MariaDB, enable Sid and upgrade with
apt-get full-upgrade -qq --yes.

The CI includes running command 'mariadb --table -e "SELECT
host,user,plugin,authentication_string FROM user;" mysql', in addition
to starting with service file, which both should trigger the warning,
but I don't see any warnings in Bookworm CI job, nor in Buster or
Bullseye upgrades either
(https://salsa.debian.org/otto/mariadb-server/-/jobs/7566190,
https://salsa.debian.org/otto/mariadb-server/-/jobs/7566189).

#1104533#17

Date:: 2025-05-12 20:25:12 UTC

From:

To:

I did some testing with kvm virtual machines and I believe I now have a way to reproduce this.

1. I set up a clean Debian bookworm (12.10.0) on a vm.
2. apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb
3. apt-get full-upgrade (to trixie)

This triggers the problem. However, If I first upgrade the clean bookworm to trixie and only then install mariadb, no problems whatsoever.

With bookworm:

MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('', 'mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value              |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8mb3_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8mb4_general_ci |
+----------------------+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.002 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]>


After upgrading to trixie:

MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('', 'mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');
ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation '='
MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_collations | utf8mb3=utf8mb3_uca1400_ai_ci,ucs2=ucs2_uca1400_ai_ci,utf8mb4=utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,utf16=utf16_uca1400_ai_ci,utf32=utf32_uca1400_ai_ci |
| collation_connection     | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_general_ci                                                                                                                      |
| collation_server         | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]>


Trixie, with mariadb first installed only after upgrading to trixie:

MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('', 'mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_collations | utf8mb3=utf8mb3_uca1400_ai_ci,ucs2=ucs2_uca1400_ai_ci,utf8mb4=utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,utf16=utf16_uca1400_ai_ci,utf32=utf32_uca1400_ai_ci |
| collation_connection     | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
| collation_server         | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.002 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]>


I believe collation should be “utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci” in trixie (MariaDB 11.8.1), when in bookworm (MariaDB 10.11.11) it it “utf8mb4_general_ci”.

Here we can see that if MariaDB 10.11.1 (bookworm) is upgraded to MariaDB 11.8.1 (trixie), collation_connection and collation_server will be “utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci”, but collation_database remain utf8mb4_general_ci.

Is this where the problem might be?

Unfortunately I really do not understand how this collation thing works. Anyway, please advice if I should provide more information.

Regards,
Samuli

#1104533#22

Date:: 2025-05-13 01:15:02 UTC

From:

To:

Thanks!

Interestingly, I get slightly different results:

$ podman run --interactive --network host --tty --rm --shm-size=1G -e
DISPLAY=$DISPLAY --volume=$PWD:/tmp/run --workdir=/tmp/run
debian:bookworm bash

# apt-get update && apt-get install -y mariadb-server
# service mariadb start
# dpkg -l mariadb-server --no-pager
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version              Architecture Description
+++-==============-====================-============-=================================
ii  mariadb-server 1:10.11.11-0+deb12u1 amd64        MariaDB database
server binaries

# mariadb -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';"
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value              |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci  |
| collation_database   | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8mb4_general_ci |
+----------------------+--------------------+

# echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian sid main' > /etc/apt/sources.list
# apt-get full-upgrade -y
# mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and
password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('',
'mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');"
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+

# mariadb -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';"
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value

                       |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_collations |
utf8mb3=utf8mb3_uca1400_ai_ci,ucs2=ucs2_uca1400_ai_ci,utf8mb4=utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,utf16=utf16_uca1400_ai_ci,utf32=utf32_uca1400_ai_ci
|
| collation_connection     | latin1_swedish_ci

                       |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci

                       |
| collation_server         | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci

                       |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

#1104533#27

Date:: 2025-05-15 22:09:50 UTC

From:

To:

...

Two test runs.

1. Clean bookworm, default locale C.UTF-8.
# locale
LANG=C.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="C.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="C.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="C.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="C.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
# apt install mariadb-server
…
# mariadb -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';"
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value              |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8mb3_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8mb4_general_ci |
+----------------------+——————————+
# mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');"
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
# echo deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware > /etc/apt/sources.list
# apt update
…
# apt full-upgrade
…
# mariadb -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';"
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_collations | utf8mb3=utf8mb3_uca1400_ai_ci,ucs2=ucs2_uca1400_ai_ci,utf8mb4=utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,utf16=utf16_uca1400_ai_ci,utf32=utf32_uca1400_ai_ci |
| collation_connection     | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
| collation_server         | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
# mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password’);”
--------------
SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password')
--------------

ERROR 1267 (HY000) at line 1: Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation '='

2. Clean bookworm, default locale NONE
# locale
LANG=
LANGUAGE=en_US:en
LC_CTYPE="POSIX"
LC_NUMERIC="POSIX"
LC_TIME="POSIX"
LC_COLLATE="POSIX"
LC_MONETARY="POSIX"
LC_MESSAGES="POSIX"
LC_PAPER="POSIX"
LC_NAME="POSIX"
LC_ADDRESS="POSIX"
LC_TELEPHONE="POSIX"
LC_MEASUREMENT="POSIX"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="POSIX"
LC_ALL=
# apt install mariadb-server
…
# mariadb -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';"
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value              |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci  |
| collation_database   | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8mb4_general_ci |
+----------------------+——————————+
# mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');"
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
# echo deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware > /etc/apt/sources.list
# apt update
…
# apt full-upgrade
…
# mariadb -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%’;"
# mariadb -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';"
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_collations | utf8mb3=utf8mb3_uca1400_ai_ci,ucs2=ucs2_uca1400_ai_ci,utf8mb4=utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,utf16=utf16_uca1400_ai_ci,utf32=utf32_uca1400_ai_ci |
| collation_connection     | latin1_swedish_ci                                                                                                                       |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
| collation_server         | utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci                                                                                                                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
# mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');”
# mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');"
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+

My guess is, this problem has something to do with the difference between utf8mb3 and utf8mb4 (i.e. 3-byte UTF8 and 4-byte UTF8). I guess utf8mb3 collation is incompatible with utf8mb4.

Until MariaDB 11.5, the default character set was latin1, except in Debian, where it was utf8mb3. Thus, in bookworm, MariaDB defaults to utf8mb3.

From 11.6 on, the default character set has been utf8mb4, both in vanilla MariaDB and Debian MariaDB. So trixie defaults to utf8mb4.

Also, please note this (using the vm in example 1, Clean bookworm, default locale C.UTF-8):

# LC_CTYPE=C mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');"
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
root@playground:~# LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8 mariadb -e "SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password');"
--------------
SELECT count(*) FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root' and password='' and password_expired='N' and plugin in ('','mysql_native_password', 'mysql_old_password')
--------------

ERROR 1267 (HY000) at line 1: Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation '='

#1104533#32

Date:: 2025-06-07 07:12:39 UTC

From:

To:

I saw this also upstream at https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-36815
and in StackExchange at
https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/345906/upgrading-from-mariadb-10-11-8-to-11-4-5-gives-warning-about-error-1267-illegal

Presumably a lot of people are running into this. I don't know what is
the fix and I don't fully understand why system tables are affected by
what charset the client is using.

#1104533#41

Date:: 2025-08-13 01:09:09 UTC

From:

To:

We believe that the bug you reported is fixed in the latest version of
mariadb, which is due to be installed in the Debian FTP archive.

A summary of the changes between this version and the previous one is
attached.

Thank you for reporting the bug, which will now be closed.  If you
have further comments please address them to 1104533@bugs.debian.org,
and the maintainer will reopen the bug report if appropriate.

Debian distribution maintenance software
pp.
Otto Kekäläinen <otto@debian.org> (supplier of updated mariadb package)

(This message was generated automatically at their request; if you
believe that there is a problem with it please contact the archive
administrators by mailing ftpmaster@ftp-master.debian.org)
Format: 1.8
Date: Fri, 08 Aug 2025 10:42:35 -0700
Source: mariadb
Architecture: source
Version: 1:11.8.3-1
Distribution: unstable
Urgency: medium
Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <pkg-mysql-maint@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Changed-By: Otto Kekäläinen <otto@debian.org>
Closes: 1104533 1106889
Changes:
 mariadb (1:11.8.3-1) unstable; urgency=medium
 .
   [ Otto Kekäläinen ]
   * New upstream maintenance release 11.8.3. For details about fixes please see
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-11-8-3-release-notes/
   * Drop Hurd patches that are now included upstream
   * Update configuration traces to include new upstream system variables:
     - analyze-max-length (default: 4294967295)
     - innodb-linux-aio (default: auto)
   * Suppress new native AIO warning introduced in upstream a87bb96 to avoid
     mariadb-test-run failing on on something that isn't a real issue
   * New upstream release includes fix for MDEV-36815 that yielded "ERROR 1267
     (HY000): Illegal mix of collations" on some systems when restarting the
     MariaDB service in Debian (Closes: #1104533)
   * Remove obsolete cleanup as upstream moved pam_mariadb_mtr.so in c05b1fe
   * Salsa CI: Use full MariaDB package set in Bookworm MariaDB 10.6 upgrade
   * Salsa CI: Automatically use archive.d.o for discontinued releases
 .
   [ Lena Voytek ]
   * Do not hardcode libxml2 dependency in mariadb-plugin-connect
     (Closes: #1106889)
Checksums-Sha1:
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Files:
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#1104533#46

Date:: 2025-08-20 06:43:32 UTC

From:

To:

Will this fix eventually be included in Trixie?

Samuli

#1104533#51

Date:: 2025-08-20 15:58:19 UTC

From:

To:

Yes, all new versions are eventually published as stable updates as
you can see from the version histories at e.g.
https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/mariadb. I can't promise any schedule
right now though.

#1104533#56

Date:: 2025-08-29 06:02:28 UTC

From:

To:

We believe that the bug you reported is fixed in the latest version of
mariadb, which is due to be installed in the Debian FTP archive.

A summary of the changes between this version and the previous one is
attached.

Thank you for reporting the bug, which will now be closed.  If you
have further comments please address them to 1104533@bugs.debian.org,
and the maintainer will reopen the bug report if appropriate.

Debian distribution maintenance software
pp.
Otto Kekäläinen <otto@debian.org> (supplier of updated mariadb package)

(This message was generated automatically at their request; if you
believe that there is a problem with it please contact the archive
administrators by mailing ftpmaster@ftp-master.debian.org)
Format: 1.8
Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2025 09:05:45 -0700
Source: mariadb
Architecture: source
Version: 1:11.8.3-0+deb13u1
Distribution: trixie
Urgency: medium
Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <pkg-mysql-maint@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Changed-By: Otto Kekäläinen <otto@debian.org>
Closes: 1104533
Changes:
 mariadb (1:11.8.3-0+deb13u1) trixie; urgency=medium
 .
   * New upstream maintenance release 11.8.3. For details about fixes please see
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-11-8-3-release-notes/
   * Drop Hurd patches that are now included upstream
   * Update configuration traces to include new upstream system variables:
     - analyze-max-length (default: 4294967295)
     - innodb-linux-aio (default: auto)
   * Suppress new native AIO warning introduced in upstream a87bb96 to avoid
     mariadb-test-run failing on something that isn't a real issue
   * New upstream release includes fix for MDEV-36815 that yielded "ERROR 1267
     (HY000): Illegal mix of collations" on some systems when restarting the
     MariaDB service in Debian (Closes: #1104533)
   * Remove obsolete cleanup as upstream moved pam_mariadb_mtr.so in c05b1fe
   * Salsa CI: Remove Buster upgrades and ignore missing Trixie ones
   * Start branch debian/13-trixie for stable updates
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#1104533#61

Date:: 2025-08-29 06:02:42 UTC

From:

To:

We believe that the bug you reported is fixed in the latest version of
mariadb, which is due to be installed in the Debian FTP archive.

A summary of the changes between this version and the previous one is
attached.

Thank you for reporting the bug, which will now be closed.  If you
have further comments please address them to 1104533@bugs.debian.org,
and the maintainer will reopen the bug report if appropriate.

Debian distribution maintenance software
pp.
Otto Kekäläinen <otto@debian.org> (supplier of updated mariadb package)

(This message was generated automatically at their request; if you
believe that there is a problem with it please contact the archive
administrators by mailing ftpmaster@ftp-master.debian.org)
Format: 1.8
Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2025 23:27:40 -0700
Source: mariadb
Architecture: source
Version: 1:10.11.14-0+deb12u1
Distribution: bookworm
Urgency: medium
Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <pkg-mysql-maint@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Changed-By: Otto Kekäläinen <otto@debian.org>
Closes: 1104533
Changes:
 mariadb (1:10.11.14-0+deb12u1) bookworm; urgency=medium
 .
   * New upstream version 10.11.14. Includes fixes for several regressions
     as noted at https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-10-11-14-release-notes/
   * Update configuration traces to include new upstream system variables:
     - analyze-max-length (default: 4294967295)
     - innodb-linux-aio (default: auto)
   * Suppress new native AIO warning introduced in upstream a87bb96 to avoid
     mariadb-test-run failing on something that isn't a real issue
   * New upstream release includes fix for MDEV-36815 that yielded "ERROR 1267
     (HY000): Illegal mix of collations" on some systems when restarting the
     MariaDB service in Debian (Closes: #1104533)
   * Update Lintian overrides for new files in latest upstream version
   * Salsa CI: Remove Buster, Bullseye-backports and ignore key errors
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#1104533 debian-start: ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations #1104533

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