scanimage --device='airscan:e1:HP OfficeJet Pro 8130e series [xxxxxx]' --format=png --mode Gray --resolution 1200
results in an artefact typical for lossy JPEG compression (namely, 8×8 blocks), although a lossless format (PNG) is requested. Attached is a screenshot from GIMP at resolution 1600% and my configuration files in /etc/sane.d. We can't use eSCL USB connection due to other bugs (in Debian bookworm, scanimage started the physical scanning but terminated before it was over, and in trixie, cf. https://bugs.debian.org/1118476).
We wish that the data is transformed possibly losslessly using airscan.
Gratefully!