Hi,

wasmedge fails to build in a test rebuild on at least amd64 and arm64 with
gcc-16/g++-16, but builds properly with gcc-15/g++-15. The severity of this
report will be raised before the forky release.

The full build log can be found at:
https://people.debian.org/~ema/gcc-16-rebuilds/output-1/wasmedge_arm64.build.xz

The last lines of the build log are at the end of this report.

To build with GCC 16, either set CC=gcc-16 CXX=g++-16 explicitly,
or install the gcc, g++, gfortran, ... packages from experimental.

  apt-get -t=experimental install g++

Common build failures include unused (but set) variables, array subscripts
partly outside array bounds, and new/dropped symbols in Debian symbols files.
For other C/C++ related build failures see the porting guide at
http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-16/porting_to.html

Please only close this issue after double-checking that the package can be
built correctly with GCC 16.

Please do not reassign this bug to another package. If a fix in another package
is required, then file a bug for the other package (or clone), and mark this
bug as blocked by the bug in the other package.

[...]


cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/ast/instruction.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/ast/instruction.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/ast/instruction.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/ast/instruction.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_description.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_description.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_description.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/serialize/serial_description.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_expression.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_expression.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_expression.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/serialize/serial_expression.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_instruction.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_instruction.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_instruction.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/serialize/serial_instruction.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_module.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_module.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_module.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/serialize/serial_module.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_section.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_section.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_section.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/serialize/serial_section.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_segment.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_segment.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_segment.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/serialize/serial_segment.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_type.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_type.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/serialize/serial_type.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/serialize/serial_type.cpp
cd /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/loader && /usr/bin/c++ -DFMT_SHARED -DSPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL -DSPDLOG_SHARED_LIB -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/include -I/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/system -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-error=pedantic -Wno-psabi -Wno-error=dangling-reference -Wno-error=template-id-cdtor -MD -MT lib/loader/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/loader.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/loader.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/wasmedgeLoader.dir/loader.cpp.o -c /build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/loader/loader.cpp
cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors
/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/llvm/codegen.cpp: In function ‘std::filesystem::__cxx11::path {anonymous}::createTemp(std::filesystem::__cxx11::path)’:
/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/llvm/codegen.cpp:165:23: note: non-delegitimized UNSPEC UNSPEC_TLS (98) found in variable location
  165 | std::filesystem::path createTemp(const std::filesystem::path Model) noexcept {
      |                       ^~~~~~~~~~
make[3]: *** [lib/host/wasi/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeHostModuleWasi.dir/build.make:96: lib/host/wasi/CMakeFiles/wasmedgeHostModuleWasi.dir/vinode.cpp.o] Error 1
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/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/lib/executor/helper.cpp: In member function ‘WasmEdge::Expect<const WasmEdge::AST::Instruction*> WasmEdge::Executor::Executor::enterFunction(WasmEdge::Runtime::StackManager&, const WasmEdge::Runtime::Instance::FunctionInstance&, cxx20::span<const WasmEdge::AST::Instruction, 18446744073709551615>::iterator, bool)’:
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   48 | Executor::enterFunction(Runtime::StackManager &StackMgr,
      | ^~~~~~~~
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make[1]: *** [Makefile:159: all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/build/reproducible-path/wasmedge-0.16.1+dfsg/obj-aarch64-linux-gnu'
dh_auto_build: error: cd obj-aarch64-linux-gnu && make -j128 INSTALL="install --strip-program=true" VERBOSE=1 returned exit code 2
make: *** [debian/rules:9: binary] Error 25
dpkg-buildpackage: error: debian/rules binary subprocess failed with exit status 2

Control: forwarded -1 https://github.com/WasmEdge/WasmEdge/issues/4789
Control: tags -1 + fixed-upstream

Thanks for the mass rebuild and for the report!

Apparently this has been fixed upstream for some time, and even reported
again in the upstream backtracker yesterday by someone else. I've
confirmed that the fix is part of both the 0.16.2 branch (no tag yet),
and the 0.17.x alphas. Given GCC 16 is not the default yet, and this is
not RC, I'm opting to wait until for a WasmEdge release to avoid the
hassle of backporting it.

Faidon

Hi Faidon!

I'm a newbie contributor to Debian and was looking into fixing this bug as a
useful learning experience. I stumbled across this as crun is removed from
testing because it transitively depends on libwasmedge0, and I use crun via
podman.

It seems the update to 0.17.1 broke the libwasmedge0 ABI:
https://dpaste.com/FGTKVMHSR

After looking into WasmEdge's commit history and general development, it seems
the project is now heavily LLM-coded, and this ABI breakage is perhaps a signal
that there could be better and more stable alternatives.

The only wasmedge reverse dep is crun (Suggests:), and crun supports three
other WASM runtimes: wasmer, wamr, wasmtime. Maybe one of these could be better
positioned as a potential replacement for WasmEdge?

Popcon for libwasmedge0 is 0, so maybe this package could be retired even?

The way I see it, there are a few potential solutions to close this bug:

- Bump wasmedge to 0.16.4 as a minimal-change fix for this FTBFS
- Bump to 0.17.1 as it's the latest upstream
- Backport the fix to 0.16.1
- Disable WASM support in crun to allow it back into test
- Package an alternative runtime and have crun depend on that instead
  - Then perhaps retire wasmedge?

I'm not super experienced so maybe I'm talking rubbish here and am way off the
mark, but I'm happy to help out if one of my potential solutions sounds good to
you (or some other solution entirely)?

Let me know. :)

We believe that the bug you reported is fixed in the latest version of
wasmedge, which is due to be installed in the Debian FTP archive.

A summary of the changes between this version and the previous one is
attached.

Thank you for reporting the bug, which will now be closed.  If you
have further comments please address them to 1133663@bugs.debian.org,
and the maintainer will reopen the bug report if appropriate.

Debian distribution maintenance software
pp.
Faidon Liambotis <paravoid@debian.org> (supplier of updated wasmedge package)

(This message was generated automatically at their request; if you
believe that there is a problem with it please contact the archive
administrators by mailing ftpmaster@ftp-master.debian.org)
Format: 1.8
Date: Tue, 08 Sep 2026 10:59:25 +0300
Source: wasmedge
Architecture: source
Version: 0.17.1-1
Distribution: unstable
Urgency: medium
Maintainer: Faidon Liambotis <paravoid@debian.org>
Changed-By: Faidon Liambotis <paravoid@debian.org>
Closes: 1133663 1138857
Changes:
 wasmedge (0.17.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
 .
   * New upstream release:
     - Thanks to Zigang Lin from Second State for providing patches and
       working with upstream on some of the issues below. (Closes: #1138857)
     - Fixes FTBFS with GCC 16. (Closes: #1133663)
     - Drop the +dfsg repack, as upstream removed the only remaining binary
       artifact, see (see upstream #4495).
     - Update symbols with the newly-introduced symbol versioning that retain
       compatibility with <= 0.16.1, as well as the new 0.17.x symbols.
   * Generate a VERSION file from DEB_VERSION_UPSTREAM, so what wasmedge
     --version works again.
   * Update debian/copyright to reflect a path change and year bump.
   * Bump Standards-Version to 4.7.4, no changes needed.
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