According to the Changelog, the efi_uga.mod module has been removed in
2.14-2:
"* efi: Drop support for UGA Draw and Console Control protocols (Closes:
#1127371) (Closes: #1127556)".
However, #1127371 was complaining only about riscv64 and loong64, not
amd64 (and #1127556 looks really unrelated).
The problem with this decision is that it completely broke GRUB menu on
at least some Intel MacBooks, as they do not support EFI GOP. Namely,
the screen remains completely blank until the kernel boots (if it does,
otherwise the user is left completely blind as what to do).
UGA is still supported by the upsteam, so even if there is some real
reason to exclude it from the default grub.cfg on amd64, please at least
provide efi_uga.mod in x86_64-efi, so that affected users can insmod it
manually.
I cannot really test the version 2.14-1 (just before this change), since
it is not available from packages.debian.org and Debian FTPs, but I did
test 2.12-9+deb13u2, and it works fine.