Hi Ethan,
I can reproduce it:
gnuplot -e "set terminal epslatex header sprintf('%.850f',0)"
*** buffer overflow detected ***: gnuplot terminated
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x6ea2f)[0x7f8ba77baa2f]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x37)[0x7f8ba7840dd7]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0xf3e50)[0x7f8ba783fe50]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0xf2deb)[0x7f8ba783edeb]
gnuplot(+0xce408)[0x7f8ba9481408]
gnuplot(+0x96818)[0x7f8ba9449818]
gnuplot(+0x2468d)[0x7f8ba93d768d]
gnuplot(+0x24878)[0x7f8ba93d7878]
gnuplot(+0x1899b)[0x7f8ba93cb99b]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf5)[0x7f8ba776db45]
gnuplot(+0x18e3c)[0x7f8ba93cbe3c]
======= Memory map: ========
...
...
Our compilation-flags are relatively strict [1]: